Ontario Highway 85

King's Highway 85, commonly referred to as Highway 85, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) highway, which is mostly controlled-access, travels through the Regional Municipality of Waterloo along the Conestoga Parkway from its interchange with Highway 7 to immediately north of the Waterloo city limits, where it continues as Regional Road 85 to St. Jacobs.

Prior to completion of the Conestoga Parkway through Waterloo, Highway 85 followed King Street north of Ottawa Street through Kitchener and Waterloo. Within the City of Waterloo, this former alignment is now maintained by the region as Regional Road 15. Within the city of Kitchener, the road is simply known as King Street.

Route description

Highway 85 begins in Kitchener at an interchange between the Conestoga Parkway and Victoria Street. At that interchange, Highway 7 exits the parkway and travels east on Victoria Street towards Guelph.^[3] The divided freeway continues north, swerving left and right through suburban Kitchener. It first crosses a Via Rail line and interchanges with Wellington Street, after which it passes alongside the Grand River. After entering the neighbourhood of Bridgeport, which it divides in two, the route curves west, interchanges with Lancaster Street and crosses into Waterloo.^[3]

The highway begins to curve north, interchanging with Bridgeport Road. The highway crosses the Conestoga Creek as it interchanges with University Avenue, then gradually curves to the west. After an interchange with King Street, once the original routing of Highway 85, the route curves back to the north and interchanges with Northfield Drive. As it approaches the rural–urban fringe of the tri-city area, the freeway interchanges with King Street a second time. Highway 85 ends at the north end of the ramps from King Street, as does the Conestoga Parkway. The divided freeway ends and the route become Waterloo Regional Road 85, which continues north to St. Jacobs and Elmira.^[3]

History

Highway 85 was originally assumed by the Department of Highways (DHO), the predecessor to today's Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO), during the mid-1930s. The existing Kitchener–Elmira Road was designated as Highway 85 on March 28, 1934.^[1] Initially, the route began at the intersection of Queen Street and King Street in downtown Kitchener, and proceeded north along King Street through Waterloo and St. Jacobs. North of St. Jacobs, the highway followed the same route as modern Waterloo Regional Road 85 to Elmira, ending at Church Street.^[4] Church Street itself would become Highway 86 several years later, on August 25, 1937, connecting Elmira and Amberley,^[5] and creating a short-lived common terminus between the two highways; Highway 86 was extended to Highway 7 near Guelph on April 13, 1938.^[6]

Highway 85 remained unchanged for several decades until the Conestoga Parkway was constructed during the late-1960s and early 1970s. Construction of the new expressway began in February 1965 along King Street;^[7][8] however, construction of the section that is now Highway 85 did not begin until September 1968, when a C$5 million contract for the section between Frederick Street and Bridgeport Road was awarded.^[9] Soon thereafter, a second contract for the section between Bridgeport Road and King Street was awarded.^[9]

On April 16, 1970, the Highway 85 designation was moved from King Street to the new Conestoga Parkway; King Street was consequently transferred to local jurisdiction.^[10][11] Towards the end of the 1970s, construction began on a northward extension of the Conestoga Parkway from King Street to Northfield Drive; this was completed by 1977. By then, construction was underway on a two lane bypass of St. Jacobs east of the original route, connecting with the Conestoga Parkway at Northfield Drive, then an at-grade intersection.^[12] By the end of 1977, this bypass was completed.^[13]

During the mid-1970s, the eastern section of Highway 86, from Elmira to Guelph, was decommissioned, truncating the eastern terminus of it to Highway 85.^[12][14] To provide a more direct routing between the two highways, a bypass of Elmira was constructed along what is now Listowel Road. By the end of 1979, Highway 86 was rerouted along this bypass, and the northern section of Highway 85 was decommissioned.^[15] In 1980 or 1981, Highway 85 was renumbered as Highway 86, eliminating the designation temporarily and creating one continuous highway between Kitchener and Amberley, on the shores of Lake Huron.^[16]

On November 30, 1990, the Northfield Drive interchange was fully opened to traffic, eliminating a traffic signal from the northern end of the Conestoga Parkway.^[17] The speed limit on the parkway was lowered from 100 km/h (62 mph) to 90 km/h (56 mph) on January 10, 1994 following numerous cross-median collisions.^[18]

In 1998, during the mass downloading of provincial highways to lower levels of government, the majority of Highway 86, from the Northfield Drive interchange to Amberley, was decommissioned.^[19] The Regional Municipality of Waterloo subsequently designated the section north from Waterloo to Elmira as Regional Road 85. Consequently, the remaining section of Highway 86, which exclusively followed the Conestoga Parkway, was renumbered as Highway 85 during the spring of 2003 to align the numbers and aid navigation.^[20]

Major intersections

The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 85. The entirety of the route is located within the Regional Municipality of Waterloo.^[3]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Annual Report (Report). Department of Highways. March 31, 1935. p. 120. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (2008). "Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) counts". http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/TrafficVolumes.nsf/tvweb?OpenForm&Seq=5. Retrieved December 21, 2011. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Peter Heiler (2010). Ontario Back Road Atlas (Map). Cartography by MapArt. p. 22, section M22–N23. ISBN 978-1-55198-226-7. 
4. ^ Ontario Department of Highways (1938–39). Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by C.P. Robins. Section J8–K9 and Kitchener inset. 
5. ^ Annual Report (Report). Department of Highways. March 31, 1938. p. 81. 
6. ^ Annual Report (Report). Department of Highways. March 31, 1938. p. 84. 
7. ^ A.T.C. McNab (1966). Proceedings of the... Convention. Canadian Good Roads Association. p. 73. 
8. ^ Parkway was originally to be built as a ring road; Christian Aagaard. The Record. Kitchener, Ont.: Mar 1, 1999. pg. B.1
9. ^ ^{a b} A.T.C. McNab (1968). Proceedings of the... Convention. Canadian Good Roads Association. p. 73. 
10. ^ Annual Report (Report). Department of Highways. March 31, 1971. p. 152. 
11. ^ Department of Transportation and Communications (1971). Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by Photogrammetry Division. Kitchener inset. 
12. ^ ^{a b} Ministry of Transportation and Communications (1977). Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by Cartography Section. South-Central Ontario inset. 
13. ^ Ministry of Transportation and Communications (1978/79). Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by Cartography Section. South-Central Ontario inset. 
14. ^ Ministry of Transportation and Communications (1974). Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by Cartography Section. Section L20–21. 
15. ^ Ministry of Transportation and Communications (1980/81). Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by Cartography Section. South-Central Ontario inset. 
16. ^ Ministry of Transportation and Communications (1982/83). Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by Cartography Section. South-Central Ontario inset. 
17. ^ Northfield overpass and ramps to open; Kitchener - Waterloo Record. Kitchener, Ont.: Nov 30, 1990. pg. B.1
18. ^ Conestoga Parkway leniency period over; Kitchener - Waterloo Record. Kitchener, Ont.: Feb 10, 1994. pg. B.1
19. ^ Highway Transfers List - “Who Does What” (Report). Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. June 20, 2001. pp. 3–4, 7, 11, 15. 
20. ^ Highway 86 on Parkway to be Changed to 86

External links

• Highway 85 route
• Waterloo Public Library 1954 image of King and Erb Streets in Waterloo with King's Highway 85 signage